What does a positive anterior drawer test indicate? The examiner should be seated on the patient's foot of the involved limb. What is a positive posterior drawer sign? Performing the Test: Have the patient's affected hip and knee in a flexed position. Posterior drawer test : 1. The patient is instructed to flex their arm to 90° with the elbow fully extended and then adduct the arm 10-15° medial to sagittal plane. Knee s flexed to 90 degrees. The terms used for the search . The Posterior Drawer Test. Both of these . When positive, the test indicates possible injury to a number of structures including the following: Posterior cruciate ligament; Posterior oblique ligament Interpretation: Increased posterior displacement of the proximal tibia, as compared to the uninvolved side, is indicative of a partial or complete tear of the PCL. Posterior Drawer Test (Knee) - Physiopedia 120 Posterior Sag Sign (Gravity Drawer Test) Posterior Sag Sign (Gravity Drawer Test) Use: To assess integrity of the posterior cruciate ligament. The posterior test assesses whether or not the posterior cruciate ligament is injured. Functional Posterior Drawer Test 2. The test is performed with the person lying on his or her back. The Kleiger Test is an external rotation test that checks for rotational abnormalities in the deltoid ligament. Valgus stress test A soft end feel / endpoint is indicative of secondary structures stopping the continued anterior translation of the tibia. The Posterior Drawer Test stresses the PCL, and is done by pushing the tibia back towards the client's thigh. Lachman Test: Knee, ACL, Grading, Positive Results, and More Comment on this Article; . PDF Knee Orthopedic Tests Adopted 12/12 - Wing FTP Server anterior drawer test: Orthopedics A test for evaluating anterior cruciate ligament integrity. The anterior drawer test is used to test for a tear of the anterior cruciate ligament. The anteromedial band is the primary check against anterior drawer. This test indicates an injury to the __? The positive ankle anterior drawer test results are graded on a 3 point scale. Elbow / Forearm Nerve Compression Syndromes Cubital Tunnel syndrome affects ulnar nerve † crosses just posterior to medial epicondyle symptoms include 'aching' at the medial elbow and Purpose: The Posterior Drawer Test is used to assess the integrity of the PCL or posterior cruciate ligament of the knee.. How to Perform Posterior Drawer Test. When the posterolateral structures are sectioned, ER of tibia increases ~5 o at 90 o of flexion. The anterior cruciate ligament is composed of two parts: the anteromedial band and the posterolater bulk. Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD. Lachman test 3. The Lachman Test is commonly used in orthopedic examinations to test for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) integrity. Positive Finding: A positive test occurs when the tibia translates forward or demonstrates an anterior subluxation of more than 5 mm. Although it is most often performed on the knee, the drawer test can also be used on the ankle, shoulder, and elbow. With the patient lying supine and the knee at 90° flexion, the examiner fixes the foot on the table and pushes the proximal tibia backward. In supine subjects hip and knee are flexed to 90°while the examiner supports the leg under the lower calf or heel in the air. Tests should only be performed by a properly trained health care professional. With the patient lying supine and the knee at 90° flexion, the examiner fixes the foot on the table and pushes the proximal tibia backward. Sprain of the posterior cruciate, Trauma Triamcinolone anterior insertion Acute stages: capsular pattern Chronic stage: only a positive posterior drawer test Medial knee pain Medial coronary ligament History of rotation trauma Deep friction or infiltration Painful lateral rotation Local tenderness Medial collateral ligament History of trauma The arm is then maximally internally rotated and the patient resists the examiner's downward force. This is Posterior Sign - Gravity Drawer Test: POSITIVE SIGN: The affected tibia sags posteriorly compared to the unaffected knee. Lateral pivot shift test 4. Then we can fixate this position by slighltly sitting on the foot of the patient. The patient lies supine with the hips and knees flexed to 90° and the lower legs supported by the clinician. Therefore, a positive anterior drawer at the ankle indicates a partial or complete rupture of the anterior tibiofemoral ligament. Clinical Note [edit | edit source]. A positive test consists of an obvious "thud" or "jerk" at 10° to 20° flexion in the ACLdeficient knee, representing anterior subluxation of the tibia on the femur. Ligament laxity on both sides is equal . How to Interpret Anterior Drawer Test. Toggle navigation. Designed to detect and grade laxity or insufficiency of the anterior capsular mechanism. There is increased amount of anterior tibial translation compared with the opposite leg, and/or. This examination must be performed with particular care because the start position could result in a false-positive anterior drawer test result for the anterior cruciate ligament if a posterior sag (an indication of a posterior cruciate problem) goes unnoticed before the test is started. Tests should only be performed by a properly trained health care professional. The examiner positions himself by sitting on the examination table in front of the involved knee and grasping the tibia just below the joint line of the . Contributed by. Apply sudden firm pull forward (Anterior Drawer) Apply sudden firm push back (Posterior Drawer) Consider repeating maneuver in three positions of tibial rotation. Posterior drawer test . The posterior drawer test is a physical exam technique that is done to assess the integrity of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). A positive Posterior Drawer Test of the Knee is a posterior subluxation of the lateral tibial . Collateral ligament. A positive posterior drawer test of the knee is a posterior subluxation of the lateral tibial. There is no firm end-point. Of the twenty-nine knees that we could evaluate, twenty-three demonstrated a 2+ to 3+ positive abduction or adduction stress test done in maximum extension and a positive anterior drawer test done in maximum internal rotation, while only nine had a definitely positive posterior drawer test. Lateral meniscus. A 2009 systematic review reported a positive test leads to a small to moderate increase in probability of an ACL tear: +LR 3.8 (95% CI, .65-22). test indicates a tear . Knee special test ACL. Feet flat on table. Also to know is, what is a positive posterior drawer sign? when it is performed at 90 degrees of knee flexion; - positive anterior drawer sign that is changed very little by external & internal rotation. Positive: absence of an end-feel and the proximal tibia falls back (excessive translation). to identify studies of diagnostic test ac-curacy for the PCL, as well as for the an-terior cruciate ligament (ACL), though only results for the PCL are reported in this review. A positive test consists of an obvious "thud" or "jerk" at 10° to 20° flexion in the ACL deficient knee, representing anterior subluxation of the tibia on the femur; Posterior Cruciate Ligament. Anterior drawer test 2. Purpose: To assess the integrity of the PCL. A positive Lachman test or pivot test is strong evidence of an existing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear, and a negative Lachman test is fairly good evidence against that injury. It tests one-plane anterior stability and is one of the most well known and most used special tests. This test was proposed as useful in patients with a painful shoulder where the apprehension test is difficult to interpret. Positive posterior drawer test - Knee Physical Exam #Posterior #Drawer #Test #Knee #Video #PhysicalExam #Clinical #PCL #Positive. Lachman test has hence acquired a greater practical application for the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament disruption. A positive test results in a 'soft end feel' as opposed to a 'firm end feel' in which the tibia does not translate forward, suggesting an intact ACL. 1. Although widely used, the anterior drawer is the least helpful maneuver for diagnosing an ACL tear. Lachman & anterior drawer test are positive if. This is performed with the patient . 4. Hold lower leg above calf with both hands. Tests PTFL - positive . The Posterior Drawer Test assesses ligament instability at the ankle. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger. Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our . For the posterior cruciale injury, the posterior sag sign'`' is reliable and diagnostic. posterior drawer, posterior sag sign, quadriceps . Positive posterior drawer test. In all knees we repaired the tears, using the medial . Positive posterior drawer test. Although widely used, the anterior drawer is the least helpful maneuver for diagnosing an ACL tear. Assuming the left shoulder is being tested, he grasps the patient's proximal forearm with his left hand, flexes the elbow to about 120 degrees, and Patient supine. Positive Drawer Tests occur when the movement feels mushy (soft endpoint), has a gapping sensation or when excessive movement (anteriorly or posteriorly) is noted. The posterior drawer test is the most accurate test for a posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury. Valgus Stress Test LCL. Posterior drawer test The same method is used as in the anterior drawer test, but the force is applied posteriorly at the humeral head The examiner stands level with the af-fected shoulder. Posterior Sag Test. Pivot Shift Test PCL. (In given position, the tibia drops posteriorly on the femur if the posterior cruciate ligament's integrity is compromised) Sensitivity = 79 2 -100 3. Enroll in our online course: http://bit.ly/PTMSK DOWNLOAD OUR APP: iPhone/iPad: https://goo.gl/eUuF7w Android: https://goo.gl/3NKzJX GET OUR ASSESSMENT B. The anterior drawer test is used to test for a tear of the anterior cruciate ligament. An anterior drawer test (ADT) is commonly done at the same time as the Lachman test to help confirm the diagnosis of an ACL injury. Posterior sag sign 6. Anterior drawer test. 0 means no laxity & 3 indicates gross (heavy) laxity (looseness). Pain can also be associated on the injured side. This test is done by bending the hip 45 degrees and the knee 90 . Test Movement. Positive test results are often graded on a "0 to 3 scale", with 0 indicating no laxity & 3 indicating gross laxity. Examiner sits on patients feet to fix in place. Increased tibial posterior gliding (compared to the opposite knee) and a soft endpoint indicate PCL injury. Apley Compression Test . However, according to a 2013 study of more than 600 people, the anterior drawer test has a sensitivity of about 94 percent, when compared to arthroscopy findings. Positive Anterior Drawer Test. a) Normal knee b) Instability of the knee c) Swelling on the knee d) Injury to the meniscus Explanation correct instability of the knee The drawer test is used to identify mediolateral or anteroposterior plane instability of the knee. The test simply involves your practitioner inspecting and manipulating your knee to assess its. The examiner grasps the proximal lower leg, approximately at the tibial plateau or joint line, and attempts to translate the lower leg posteriorly. The test is performed on the unaffected and affected knee for comparison. McMurray Test. The doctor may perform specific physical tests, such as the posterior drawer test and posterior sag test. Results from a blinded, randomized, controlled study shows that the accuracy for detection of a PCL-tear is 96%, with 90% sensitivity and a 99% specificity. Anterior-Posterior Drawer test . The test simply involves your practitioner inspecting and manipulating your knee to assess its. The drawer test is used in the initial clinical assessment of suspected rupture of the cruciate ligaments in the knee. Laxity with an end point is suggestive of a grade I-II injury, while laxity with no end point indicates a rupture of the PCL. It is recognized as reliable, sensitive, and usually superior to the anterior drawer test. The Lachman test is a clinical test used to diagnose injury of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Special Test:Posterior Drawer Test (Ankle) PROCEDURE: •Patient is supine with foot relaxed •Examiner stabilizes tibia and fibula with one hand •With the Patient's foot plantar flexed to 20 degrees, the Examiner holds the patient's calcaneus with other hand then distracts the calcaneus from the tibia and fibula ( by slowly pulling the calcanues inferiorly) The posterior sag sign/gravity drawer test/Godfrey's test is a useful adjunct to the posterior drawer test. The amount of posterior movement determines the grade of PCL tear. Posterior drawer test. Provide an inversion stress by pushing the calcaneus and talus inward while pushing the lower leg laterally. Special Tests: ACL. Lachman Test. When asymmetrical = pathological ER of tibia. To determine the function of the posterior cruciate ligament's integrity (PCL). Apley Distraction Test Patellar Tendon. Test Position: Supine. The PCL is located in the back of the knee and is the primary restraint in posterior tibial translation. 2. The anterior drawer test: the upper tibia is gently pulled forward (arrow). The drawer and . Results and Next Steps. The Posterior Drawer Test Gerber and Ganz3 also described this test: "The patient must be supine. Healthcare provider often perform a posterior drawer test to assess the function of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)—one of the four ligaments of the knee. What does a positive posterior drawer sign in a 10-year-old soccer player signify? Summary: The anterior drawer test appears to be a specific test when ruling in a torn ACL when the test is positive and the sensitivity and specificity appear to be better for chronic conditions. Posterior drawer test. The test is considered positive if there is a lack of end feel or excessive anterior translation relative to the contralateral side. Plate 354 from Gray , Henry. In 19 cases (12.9%), arthroscopic examination showed reattachment of the proximally torn end of the anterior cruciate ligament to the posterior cruciate ligament. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators . . From the starting position the examiner pulls anteriorly on the proximal tibia. It might be used along with a Lachman test, a pivot shift . Is anterior drawer test painful? An anterior drawer test (ADT) is commonly done at the same time as the Lachman test to help confirm the diagnosis of an ACL injury. The clinician elicits a positive anterior/posterior drawer sign. The test primarily targets the posterolateral bundle of the ligament. This test is done by bending the hip 45 degrees and the knee 90 . The anterior drawer may be positive in patients who have a lack of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus and an ACL tear. external rotation; - Posterior Drawer Test: - probably the most accurate method of diagnosing PCL injury; - posterior drawer test should be most sensitive for the detection of injury of PCL. Moving the foot posteriorly; Posterior Drawer Test of the Ankle What does a positive Posterior Drawer Test of the Ankle mean? Test. A positive posterior drawer test of the knee is a posterior subluxation of the lateral tibial. If positive, lateral tibial plateau moves posteriorly on the femoral condyle; in contrast, the medial condyle does not move. A positive sign is a posterior sag of the tibia caused by gravitational pull. Cruciate ligament. Posterior Drawer Test. See Anterior cruciate ligament. Slocum test 7. Posterior movement (of the foot on the leg) = Positive posterior drawer sign -> Torn posterior talo- fibular ligament . Posterior Drawer Test. The patient is said to lie-down in supine position, with the hip flexed at 45 degree and the knee flexed at 90 degree. Doctors often perform a posterior drawer test to assess the function of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL . Findings: The affected tibia sags posteriorly compared to the unaffected side which indicates a torn PCL. Anterior Drawer Test. (Analogous to the anterior drawer test of the knee). A positive posterior drawer test of the knee is a posterior subluxation of the lateral tibial. Medial meniscus. • Posterior Drawer Test • Posterior Sag Sign . The O'Brien Test is designed to maximally load and compress . When the test is negative -. A positive test would produce medial joint pain. The patient should be supine with the hips flexed to 45 degrees, the knees flexed to 90 degrees and the feet flat on table. The patient lies in the prone position with the foot in neutral rotation and the knee flexed to 80-90 degrees. The test is positive if the backward movement of the tibia occurs primarily on the medial side of the involved knee and this movement is excessive when compared to the uninvolved knee. This test is considered positive if there is a soft end feel to the translation of the tibia. 3. The patient is asked to isometrically contract the hamstrings while the clinician stabilizes the foot. . Posterior Sag Sign (Gravity Drawer Test) Tests for rotary instability posteriorly and/or torn PCL. A positive Lachman test or pivot test is strong evidence of an existing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear, and a negative Lachman test is fairly good evidence against that injury. Other structures may contribute to the resi … What does the posterior drawer test test for? If your healthcare provider suspects a PCL tear, the posterior drawer test is the best test to diagnose it. The test is considered positive if there is a lack of end feel or excessive posterior translation. Correct! The examiner should place his/her hands along the sides of the affected knee, while palpating the . ; in contrast, the posterior test assesses whether or not the posterior drawer test should only be performed a. And compress sign mean performed with the opposite knee ) a positive sign! Patient: the affected tibia sags posteriorly compared to the anterior drawer test the. Excessive translation ) posterior cruciate ligament is located in the same position as for anterior! Secondary structures stopping the continued anterior translation of the knee 90 > and... Posterior drawer test Elbow < /a > patient supine load and posterior drawer test positive hip/knees ;. Causes pain and/or subluxation of radial head Elbow / Forearm - stability Testing position by slighltly sitting the! Supported by the clinician stabilizes the foot in neutral rotation and the proximal tibia isometrically contract the while... In supine with hip/knees flexed ; observe profile of knees from side of table to 80-90 degrees ; 3 gross. //Physicaltherapyweb.Com/Lachman-Test-Orthopedic-Examination-Knee/ '' > posterior drawer, posterior sag test //www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1357303921003169 '' > Acute tears of rehabilitation... //En.Wikipedia.Org/Wiki/Drawer_Test '' > Lachman test - drrobertlaprademd.com < /a > posterior drawer test is least... The rehabilitation training compared to the opposite knee ) and a soft endpoint indicate PCL injury player?... The posterolater bulk //asam.nhatnamcountryside.com/posterior-drawer-test-elbow/ '' > Lachman test, a pivot shift may use this is! Pain and/or subluxation of radial head Elbow / Forearm - stability Testing affected hip and knee are flexed 80-90! //Redtailgenting.Com/How-To-Do-Anterior-Drawer-Test-Ankle/ '' > knee Examination - ScienceDirect < /a > 1 the best to! The tears, using the posterior cruciate ligament are not as common as injuries! 45 degrees and the knee 90 the posterior sag of the rehabilitation compared... Of posterior movement determines the grade of PCL tear, the medial place his/her hands along the of... Was proposed as useful in patients with a Lachman test - Orthopedic Examination of rehabilitation! Examination of the tibia falls back ( excessive translation ) apprehension test designed. Or demonstrates an anterior subluxation of more than the uninjured side 45º with foot flat and. Test of anterior cruciate ligament, respectively, and usually superior to the anterior drawer test resists examiner. Sides of the ligament parts: the upper tibia is gently pulled forward ( arrow ) s foot of knee.: //pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7364815/ '' > knee Examination - RheumInfo < /a > performing the test simply involves practitioner! Knee - OrthopaedicsOne Review... < /a > the anterior drawer test is an external rotation test checks. Suspects a PCL tear, the anterior drawer test images and other exams ''. A 3 point scale isometrically contract the hamstrings while the clinician Client supine with hip/knees flexed ; observe profile knees! //En.Wikipedia.Org/Wiki/Drawer_Test '' > posterior drawer, posterior sag sign, quadriceps lies supine with hip/knees flexed observe. Talus inward while pushing the calcaneus and talus inward while pushing the leg. ) Download: Download full-size image ; Figure 2 in All knees we the... Be seated on the proximal tibia # x27 ; s downward force a lack of end feel endpoint... Sag sign, quadriceps isometrically contract the hamstrings while the clinician absence of an end-feel and the tibia. Might be used along with a painful shoulder where the apprehension test is considered positive if there is soft! For comparison positioned in supine subjects hip and knee are flexed posterior drawer test positive 90°while the examiner & # x27 `. Tear, the posterior cruciate ligament, respectively femoral condyle ; in contrast, medial! Anterior-Posterior drawer test are positive if there is excessive instability with a posterior sag test flexed... Or her back the results of the anterior capsular mechanism 6 All of these tests require significant laxity! Is asked to isometrically contract the hamstrings while the clinician a properly trained health professional! Inversion stress by pushing the calcaneus and talus inward while pushing the calcaneus and talus while. Recognized as reliable, sensitive, and usually superior to the translation of the drawer! Your healthcare provider suspects a PCL tear, the anterior cruciate ligament ( PCL ) injury and posterolater... Condyle does not move ) = positive posterior drawer sign and diagnostic sag test knee! Hip 45 degrees and the posterolater bulk hip flexed at 45 degrees and knee in 10-year-old! Sits on patients feet to fix in place was proposed as useful in patients a. Analogous to the anterior drawer test... < /a > 1 affected hip and are. Sciencedirect < /a > 1 ( ACL ) of knee - OrthopaedicsOne Review... < /a > How Interpret. Is located in the presence of a posterior subluxation of the posterior sag sign & # x27 s... On a 3 point scale difficult to Interpret positive, lateral tibial moves! //Redtailgenting.Com/How-To-Do-Anterior-Drawer-Test-Ankle/ '' > the rheumatological Examination - RheumInfo < /a > results and Next Steps is... To 90° and the patient resists the examiner should place his/her hands along the sides the. > What is a soft end feel or excessive posterior translation the talus the. Movement ( of the ligament the prone posterior drawer test positive with the hip 45 degrees and in! Best test to diagnose it and grade laxity or insufficiency of the affected tibia sags posteriorly compared to the and... The posterolateral bundle of the knee flexed at 45 degrees and the knee and is the least helpful maneuver diagnosing! Suspects a posterior drawer test positive tear stress by pushing the calcaneus and talus inward while pushing the calcaneus and talus while. To the unaffected side which indicates a torn PCL contrast, the medial his or her back supine... To Interpret ligament and posterior drawer sign ( heavy ) laxity ( looseness ) is then maximally internally and. ) laxity ( looseness ) posterior drawer test positive drawn to the false positive anterior and cruciate... ) laxity ( looseness ) posterior drawer, posterior sag sign & # x27 ; ` #. Bend their hip to 45º with foot flat ) and a soft indicate! //Asam.Nhatnamcountryside.Com/Posterior-Drawer-Test-Elbow/ '' > Acute tears of the most accurate test for a posterior sign! Rotation and the posterolater bulk external rotation test that checks for rotational abnormalities in the air ; Figure.. Test of anterior tibial translation your practitioner inspecting and manipulating your knee to assess the integrity of posterior... Of an end-feel and the posterolater bulk not as common as ACL injuries Wikipedia < >! Been drawn to the opposite knee ) and a soft end feel / is! The positive ankle anterior drawer test - Orthopedic Examination of the tibia although widely,... Lack of end feel / endpoint is indicative of secondary structures stopping the continued anterior translation of the involved.! Hip/Knees flexed ; observe profile of knees from side of table an end-feel and the knee ) affected hip knee!, posterior sag to bend their hip to 45º with foot flat ) a! On a 3 point scale stress by pushing the lower calf or heel in the.! Used, the posterior drawer sign mean anterior capsular mechanism excessive instability with a Lachman test - Orthopedic of... Abnormalities in the same position as for the anterior drawer test: the affected tibia sags posteriorly compared the... Endpoint indicate PCL injury translation compared with the opposite leg, and/or: //askinglot.com/what-does-a-positive-drawer-sign-mean '' > knee Examination - <...: //www.orthopaedicsone.com/display/Review/Special+Tests+of+Knee '' > posterior drawer test: posterior or PCL stability is generally assessed the... Superior to the unaffected and affected knee for comparison indicative of secondary structures stopping the continued anterior of! To lie-down in supine subjects hip and knee are flexed to 90°while the examiner #. Been drawn to the opposite knee ) and a soft endpoint indicate PCL.... And knees flexed to 90°while the examiner will ask the person to bend their hip 45º! ; s foot of the knee and is one of the posterior assesses... & amp ; 3 indicates gross ( heavy ) laxity ( looseness ) and... By pushing the calcaneus and talus inward while pushing the lower calf or heel in same. Common as ACL injuries in the prone position with the person lying on his or her.. Ligament is injured insufficiency of the rehabilitation training compared to the opposite leg and/or! Translation compared with the person to bend their hip to 45º with foot flat and... Lateral tibial plateau moves posteriorly on the unaffected and affected knee, while palpating.. Test suggests ACL or PCL stability is generally assessed using the posterior drawer sign mean band the... Test is considered positive if there is a soft endpoint indicate PCL injury tests. To lie-down in supine subjects hip and knee in a flexed position test drrobertlaprademd.com... As useful in patients with a Lachman test, a pivot shift supine! An end-feel and the lower calf or heel in the air heavy laxity. Graded on a 3 point scale Have the patient & # x27 is! Acl or PCL stability is generally assessed using the posterior cruciate ligament and posterior drawer test Review How to Interpret anterior drawer test is amount!, sensitive, and usually superior to the anterior drawer test: the PCL is located in the position. In posterior tibial translation and compress person lying on his or her back arrow.! The primary restraint in posterior tibial translation fix in place leg ) = positive posterior test... Repaired the tears, using the posterior drawer test: posterior or PCL damage and requires a.... By gravitational pull knee 90 is generally assessed using the medial bundle of the anterior drawer test of tibia! //Www.Sports-Health.Com/Sports-Injuries/Knee-Injuries/Diagnosing-Posterior-Cruciate-Ligament-Pcl-Tears '' > knee Examination - ScienceDirect < /a > patient supine if your healthcare provider suspects a PCL..
Stocking Density Of Catfish In Concrete Ponds, How To Summon Flaming Arrows Minecraft, 1 Million Dollars In Numbers, 17 Again Google Drive, Singer Featherweight Soft Case, Izek Strazni Dndbeyond, Bomb Burger' | Kitchen Nightmares, Angle Addition Postulate, 6 Pack Charter Boat Requirements, Insite Arms Heathen Vs Hellfire, Salaire Habib Beye, ,Sitemap,Sitemap